State of China's climate in 2021          下载免费PDF全文

Wei Li  Shanshan Zhao  Yu Chen  Ling Wang  Wei Hou  Yundi Jiang  Xukai Zou  Shuai Shi 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(4):100211

This report is a summary of China's climate, as well as major weather and climate events, during 2021. In 2021, the mean temperature in China was 10.5°C, which was 1.0°C above normal (1981–2010 average) and broke the highest record since 1951. The annual rainfall in China was 672.1 mm, which was 6.7% above normal. Also, the annual rainfall in northern China was 40.2% above normal, which ranked second highest since 1961. The rainstorm intensity in the rainy season was strong and featured significant extremes, and disasters caused by rainstorms and flooding were more serious than the average in the past decade. In particular, the extremely strong rainstorm in Henan during July and autumn caused flooding in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River with severe consequences. Heatwaves occurred more frequently than normal, and their durations in southern China were longer than normal in summer and autumn. Phased drought was obvious, and caused serious impacts in South China. The number of generated and landfalling typhoons was lower than normal; however, Typhoon In-fa broke the record for the longest overland duration, held since 1949, and affected a wide area. Severe convective weather and extreme windy weather occurred frequently, causing serious impacts. The number of cold waves was more than normal, which caused wide-ranging extremely low temperatures in many places. Sandstorms appeared earlier than normal in 2021, and the number of strong dust storm processes was more than normal.摘要2021年, 中国气候暖湿特征明显, 全国平均气温10.5℃, 较常年偏高1.0℃, 创下了1951年以来最高纪录; 全国平均降水量672.1毫米, 比常年偏多6.7%, 其中北方地区平均降水量较常年偏多40.2%, 为1961年以来第二多. 汛期暴雨过程强度大, 极端性显著, 河南特大暴雨灾害影响重, 黄河中下游流域秋汛明显; 高温过程多, 夏秋南方高温持续时间长; 区域性, 阶段性气象干旱明显, 华南干旱影响较重; 台风生成和登陆均偏少, “烟花”陆地滞留时间长, 影响范围广; 强对流天气强发, 极端大风频发, 局地致灾重; 寒潮过程多, 强度大, 极端低温频现; 沙尘天气出现早, 强沙尘暴过程多.  相似文献   

Regional geologic environs and natural resources of Badia Sector, Jordan     

A. S. Al-Homoud  R. J. Allison  D. L. Higgitt  K. White  B. F. Sunna 《Environmental Geology》1998,36(1-2):18-26

 This paper summarizes the information on the geology and natural resources of the Jordan Badia Research and Development Programme. The research focused on the issue of the environment in arid lands as an aid to provide practical options for sustainable development. This paper presents results of field studies in the following areas related to the sustainable development of the Safawi area in the northern Jordan Badia; geomorphology, including landform, soil, lands, processes and hazards, geology and physical resources and surface water hydrology. Tertiary-Quaternary continental basalt flows and tuffs cover approximately 11 000 km², the majority of the Safawi area. In addition to extensive basalt lava flows, the programme area includes a variety of geological outcrops and potential sources of economic products that include the following: Tuff/Scoria, Zeolite/Olivine, Porcellanite, potential sources of aggregate/construction materials, ornamental stone, building stone, basalt for manufacturing of rock wool, and materials suitable for producing lightweight aggregate. The whole of the eastern Badia exhibits major fault systems, many of which were identified from Landsat TM images. The system of wadis which drains the Badia is extensive, with the general flow from the north to the south and south-west. A noticeable geomorphic surficial deposit occuring throughout much of the Badia is fine-grained, water-lain sediments that vary in size and character. The local designation for the fine sediment deposits is Qaa. An MSS scene for the area under consideration has been studied. Twelve major geomorphic subdivisions or zones can be identified. Individual land system units have been identified by traversing the programme area. Key sites have been visited based on Landsat TM image interpretation. To a large extent, key areas were subdivided after their initial identification on the Landsat scene and corroboration in the field. The surface drainage of the Badia region can be broadly divided into wadi systems, areas of distinct channelized flow, and Qaa, predominantly fine-grained sedimentary basins of low relief. Spatial variability in infiltration rates across the wadi-Qaa system were determined from field experiments. Infiltration rates were found to be medium-high in the wadi channels but decrease rapidly for the Qaa materials. Apparently runoff from wadi side slopes will be high, and water storage occurs along the wadi channels while ponding occurs in the Qaa areas. Received: 13 March 1997 · Accepted: 13 January 1998  相似文献   

山东省兖州市翟村铁矿床地质特征及成因探讨          下载免费PDF全文

何其芬 《山东国土资源》2018,34(3)

翟村铁矿床位于山东省最大磁异常——济宁磁异常北部,为验证该异常,在该区通过物探、钻探等勘查方法进行地质找矿,圈定了44个矿体,共求得铁矿石(332)+(333)资源量超过10亿t,平均品位TFe31.09%,mFe22.44%,mFe/TFe的平均值为72.18%。该矿体赋存于新太古代济宁群变质岩中,上覆盖层为寒武纪至奥陶纪地层,矿体呈层状、似层状产出,产状与围岩一致。矿石的主要有用组分为Fe,矿石结构为自形—他形晶粒状结构、包含结构、碎斑结构;矿石构造主要为条带状构造、条带—稠密浸染状构造。铁矿的原始沉积或为近岸浅海陆架产物,沉积物中的火山物质较多,条带状硅铁建造是在热水环境中形成的,其成因类型属沉积变质型铁矿。济宁群浅变质岩是寻找该类型铁矿的有利层位,济宁群分布区是寻找该类型铁矿床的首选靶区。  相似文献   

乡镇地质资源调查评价的方法与实践——以贵州20个脱贫攻坚重点乡镇为例     

龚和强  鲜绍军  曾道国  沈其俊  周文龙 《贵州地质》2021,38(1):103-108

本文详细介绍了贵州省实施的20个脱贫攻坚重点乡镇地质资源调查项目的实施背景、目标任务和主要技术要求。同时,还详细介绍了资料搜集、方案编制、调查评价、专题研究、报告编制等具体工作程序。最后对贵州省20个脱贫攻坚重点乡镇地质资源调查评价取得的主要成果进行了介绍。  相似文献   

北京市遥感矿产地质构造解译与异常提取初步分析     

张晓亮  郑国庆  方同明 《城市地质》2012,7(1):26-30

本文以遥感构造理论为主导,阐明全市地质构造的基本特征。通过对ETM、TM资料定向滤波、主成分分析、线性增强和假彩色合成处理后,采用目视综合解译,获得一系列遥感图件,从线、环、色、带、块及遥感异常等方面反映了遥感地质成果。  相似文献   

甘肃北山地区白山堂铜矿地质特征及成矿流体研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陕亮  郑有业  许荣科  张雨莲  曹亮 《华南地质与矿产》2012,28(2):149-159

北山地区是我国重点成矿区带,蕴含很大的矿产资源潜力。以往工作发现斑岩型铜矿是北山地区重要的成矿类型,白山堂铜矿是其代表性斑岩型铜矿,但该矿至今一直未开展成矿流体的相关研究。本文进一步研究矿床地质特征,系统开展了矿床流体包裹体研究,发现其流体包裹体形态简单、多为气液两相,中低温(成矿期含矿石英脉均一温度230℃～260℃及160℃～170℃,共生黄铜矿爆裂温度约301℃)、低盐度[w(NaCleq)]为11%～15%,均值11.32%及3.4%～7.7%,均值4.8%)、中等密度(约0.95～1.00 g/cm3)、中低压力(约5×103～101×103 kPa)等物理化学特征,综合认为流体具有中低温热液脉型矿化特征,结合地质特征及近矿外围一系列环绕石板泉二长花岗岩分布的中低温热液脉型-矽卡岩型-斑岩型Cu、Fe、Pb和Zn等矿化分带模式,认为白山堂铜矿为中低温热液脉型矿化类型,代表岩浆热液系统演化到晚期阶段的产物,并认为环绕石板泉二长花岗岩周缘的系列斑岩型-矽卡岩型-热液脉型矿化存在某种联系。  相似文献   

北京地面沉降工作分析及展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨艳  贾三满  罗勇  姜媛 《城市地质》2012,7(2):9-13

本文主要回顾北京近年来在地面沉降网络建设、监测及研究应用等各方面取得的成果,对影响地面沉降主要发展规律及未来形势进行深入分析,对后续工作进行展望,并在此基础上提出合理建议。  相似文献   

哈罗铁路沿线岩盐地质特征及盐组分判别方法研究     

程建军  刘卫红 《新疆地质》2012,30(1):99-102

为了给罗布泊地区铁路建设提供可靠、准确详实的设计依据,基于勘测与试验结果,分析罗布泊地区工程地质与水文地质条件.针对罗布泊地区地表岩盐中Na2SO4和NaCl含量较高的地质特点,分析罗布泊岩盐作为路基填料的工程与力学特性,提出路基施工建议及一种方便、实用、适合施工现场试验条件不足时,岩盐破碎岩土体含盐量判别和检测计算方法.  相似文献   

库地铬铁矿地质特征及西昆仑北蛇绿岩带铬铁矿成矿远景探讨     

李军  陈强  赵献军  刘洋旭  张伟  王波 《新疆地质》2012,30(3):304-306

西昆仑地区是国内最重要的超基性岩出露区之一,原生的铬铁矿均与超基性岩有关.库地蛇绿岩中发现了具工业意义的铬铁矿体,以库地蛇绿岩铬铁矿为典型矿床,对整条西昆仑北蛇绿岩带进行成矿远景探讨,以期对该区域铬铁矿找矿工作起指导作用.  相似文献   

阿尔金山喀腊大湾西铅锌矿床地质特征及成矿条件分析     

刘兵  曹福根  刘崴国  雷红民  刘明飞 《新疆地质》2012,30(Z1):55-58

喀腊大湾西铅锌矿床位于阿尔金成矿带红柳沟-拉配泉成矿亚带,矿床产于长城系喀腊大湾组碳酸盐岩中,矿体形成和产出受推覆逆冲断裂控制.赋矿岩石为角砾状白云石化大理岩,具网脉状、角砾状构造.该矿矿床地质特征和矿石结构、构造等具北美密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床基本特征,初步认为矿床成因类型为沉积变质-热液改造型铅锌矿床,具很好找矿前景.  相似文献